This book is penned to familiarize perioperative Physicians i.e., Anesthesia residents, and practicing anesthesiologists in the pathophysiology of stress hyperglycemia, the role of various anti-diabetic medications, optimal glycemic control with targets. This book covers the in-depth importance of history taking, glycated hemoglobin A1c and antihyperglycemic drugs (oral, noninsulin, and insulin), the significance of optimal glycemic targets in the perioperative period, and the importance of a multidisciplinary professional team approach to enhance the delivery of care to patients in the perioperative period. The purpose of this book will be served if service providers undertake the management of the deserving patients efficiently without hesitation.